Writing Wednesdays
The Hero’s Journey, Part One
By Steven Pressfield | Published: May 9, 2012
I netflixed The Power of Myth last week and watched it over a couple of nights. Have you ever seen it? It’s the PBS series that Bill Moyers did in 1988, interviewing Joseph Campbell. The program was great then and it’s great now.
You meet all kinds of people on the hero's journey
What I realized, re-watching Joseph Campbell (tragically he died a couple of years after the series aired) was what a powerful influence his books and thought have had on me. The Hero With a Thousand Faces, Follow Your Bliss, The Power of Myth. I decided I would dedicate the next few Writing Wednesdays to exploring those subjects. I don’t know exactly what I think about them, but writing is a very efficient way to find out.
What exactly is “the hero’s journey?” What is it in myth? What is it in our psyches? Is it the software we live by? We know George Lucas built Star Wars (and Luke Skywalker’s inner journey) around the concepts in Joseph Campbell’s Hero With A Thousand Faces. But how does that stuff impact you and me? As artists, do we have hero’s journeys? What are they? What do they mean? Is the hero’s journey the same for women as for men?
What is the hero’s journey in story terms? Novelists and screenwriters use bits and pieces all the time, often unconsciously. The hero’s journey in one form or another is the template for almost every screen story from Conan the Barbarian to The Hangover. Concepts like the inciting incident and the All Is Lost moment come straight from Joseph Campbell’s studies of myth and legend. Is the hero’s journey still alive today? Can you have one in a cubicle or on Facebook?
I have my own theory about the hero’s journey as it relates to an artist’s evolution. I’m not sure exactly what that theory is, but I’ll try to hammer it out a bit over the next few weeks.
What I do think is critically important about thinking in mythic and metaphorical terms is it keeps you from going crazy. When we look at our lives, particularly when we’re young and trying to figure out who we are and what our purpose is in this lifetime (if indeed we even have a purpose), it’s easy to see the landscape of our days as constituted of chaos and disorder and ruled (if they’re ruled at all) by randomness and happenstance, animal appetites, fear, risk aversion, habit, even plain old evil.
When we think in terms like that, the world becomes a form of hell and we experience ours lives as careening in circles, heading nowhere except down the tubes.
A concept like the hero’s journey changes all that. If you’ve ever had a terrible dream—one you woke up from in a sweat, shaken to the core—and then analyzed that dream later, you may have come to see it as a breakthrough, as overwhelmingly positive. The dream may have been a warning. It might have opened your eyes or kicked you in the ass. In the end, terrible wasn’t terrible after all. You were better off having had that terrible dream.
In the hero’s journey in myth, the hero suffers terribly. He’s lost, he’s drowning, he’s thrashing around in darkness and terror. But here’s the point. The suffering isn’t random. It’s isn’t chaos, and it isn’t without meaning. In fact it’s loaded with meaning.
What makes our suffering seem random and hellish is that we perceive it without context. The idea of the hero’s journey supplies that context. If we believe it, it puts our trials into a framework that stretches back across thousands of generations. Our ordeal is nothing new. We’re not unique; we’re not the first trolley to ever trundle down this track. Others have traveled the same path and, fortunately for us, left clues along the trackside. Guys like Joseph Campbell have helped decode those clues. Thank you, Joe!
I’ve had my own hero’s journey, and you have too. We’re both still on those journeys. Concepts like “the call” or “the wise crone” or “the chance encounter” don’t apply only to Luke or Yoda or Obi Wan Kenobi. They’re hard-wired into our psyches, I believe, like the “take me home” feature on your Mini Cooper’s navigation screen.
More to come in the next few weeks.
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Hi Steve & all,
This train of thought following narrative structures and devices which seem to be born out of everyday human life reminds me of a book by Christopher Booker called ‘The Seven Basic Plots: Why we tell stories”. (It’s a UK book, so it might not be available in the U.S.)
It’s a pretty mammoth piece of work, because within it Booker analyses a myriad of stories from across the world and categorizes them down to ‘Seven Basic Plots’:
-Overcoming the Monster (say, Perseus, Beowulf and James Bond)
-Rags to Riches (Aladdin, The Fresh Prince of Bel Air)
-The Quest (The Odyssey, Raiders of the Lost Ark)
-Voyage and Return (Orpheus, Brideshead Revisited)
-Comedy (Lysistra, Guys & Dolls)
-Tragedy (Agamemnon, Scarface)
-Rebirth (A Christmas Carol, The Last Samurai)
These plots may overlap, some stories might contain several, hell, some might even contain all seven plots! (‘The Lord of the Rings’ being Booker’s example of an all-encompassing plot).
Having explained each plot he goes onto analyse different ways that the plots have broken down, mostly during the twentieth century, into shadows of their former selves.
Booker also tries to get at their relevance, at the reasons why all stories from ancient folk tales to Hollywood blockbusters seem to be following these plots without fail. His answer to this riddle is that all the plots represent important human experiences and contain lessons which were just as relevant to our earliest ancestors as they are to us today. In short, all stories are outgrowths of some problem or challenge which is deeply buried in the human psyche, and serve as a means not only to pass on messages of hope, but also techniques for victory.
Anyone who thinks this sounds a little crazy might want to flick through ‘The War of Art’; there is as prime an example of the ‘Overcoming the Monster’ plot as you are likely to come across! Unfortunately, it’s very much only a script; we have to act it out if that story is to be told properly!
Thanks Steve and Mike–looks like I have some reading to do.
Steve, great find on that book.
Thanks so much for sharing this, Steven.
“The Hero with A Thousand Faces” and “The Power of Myth” are revelations. They are road maps not only into and through our psyche, but through life.
It is amazing how Carl Jung’s life work corresponds so directly to Joseph Campbell’s hero quest.
This should be taught in every school.
So glad that you are teaching it!
campbell should be required reading.
I guess it’s only the tip of a really large iceberg, but we watched recently and were completely blown away. For anyone who hasn’t yet seen this gem, it’s well worth a watch.
What I absolutely love about the online space is how easily we’re led to new and wondrous things that we might well have otherwise missed. I’m off to find on my Kindle!
Joseph Campbell says that people are not seeking the meaning of life but rather the experience of being alive. To just ‘go along’ in a life that does not do justice to the awe we feel in those moments of being blown away by the incredulity of life itself, to become who we sense we are meant to become, is a subtle, desperate and all too shared grief; Thoreau’s ‘mass of men’. Joseph Campbell’s “The Hero’s Journey” is a gospel for a life that breathes’, that makes sense of failure and courage and heart. More importantly he shows us that it is a recurring thread through the ages, a story of life, regardless of station, ethnicity or era. It is a theology that both binds mankind and frees him.
The old myths are worth studying deeply. They give great insight into the human psyche.
For me as a writer, the “Hero’s Journey” is simply the most satisfying way to take the reader through the protagonist’s way through the plot. Having a good story to tell is a gift, and the Hero’s Journey is a way to live out that gift on the page. It’s not the answer for everything, of course, but if the best writing advice is to write the thing that you would want to read, then that’s good enough for me.
Thanks so much for sharing this Steve. As an aspiring golfer, and writer, these glimpses into the psyche of a hero have helped me establish a basis for my own journey. A constant struggle resides deep from within as my heart desires to follow my dreams to the PGA tour, and my soul eloquently captures this as I write in my journal.
Again I just want to thank you as your writing has not only been a great inspiration to my own writing, but to finding who it was on the golf course as well. For years my game had become filled with a forceful vengeance, years of expectations had widdled down the poetic swing I once had. My renaissance has begun, and with your help I’ve begun to put one foot in front of the other. I’m becomming the the person I have envisioned staring back from the other side of the mirror. Thank you!
This is so true. My favorite part of the piece.
I’m so glad you are doing this, Steve, as I too am an ardent believer that this is every person’s path if we choose to think of our lives in this way. I have not seen the Bill Moyer’s series, but I have read The Hero with a Thousand Faces.